"第二期" 修訂間的差異

於 2009年1月16日 (五) 02:06 的修訂

數位典藏國際資源觀察報告 第二期 92年4月

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標準及技術相關報導

Web Focus: Guidelines For URI Naming Policies

（Ariadne Issue 31 Mar-Apr 2002）

網路資源會因為網址或存放位置變更，使得變更前的網址失效。使用者經常會遇到自己收集或蒐尋引擎蒐尋到的網址，因過期而無法連結。網頁連結失敗的問題，導致統一資源識別（URI^[1]）的需求，但多數人對URI的概念與實質都缺乏認識。本文簡明敘述URI的基本概念，並提供URI命名的評估要點與實質建議。

The JISC Information Environment and Web services

（Ariadne Issue 31 Mar-Apr 2002）

本文簡要的說明JISC-IE的內部與網路服務的架構。在比較網路服務加入前後的表現後發現：不論技術如何轉變，已存在的基本觀念不曾改變。

The Open Archives Forum

（Ariadne Issue 31 Mar-Apr 2002）

歐洲檔案開放論壇（OA Forum^[2]）的目的，在於對歐洲推行「檔案開放」（Open Archive^[3]）。本文簡要說明了檔案開放的概念、架構、相關組織、標準、協定，並闡述OA Forum扮演的角色與目標，及其在技術、組織聯合、推廣研究上擬－從事的工作。

State of the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, April 2003

（D-Lib Vol. 9 No. 2 Feb 2003）

通過ISO 15836的認證之後，DC建立以交換模式化的後設資料以達到資源分享的強固基礎。本文歸結了DCMI過去幾年來的發展，除列舉了過去各項活動，最近的展望是業界加強投入後設資料及各國會員國際網路的計畫。

國外數位典藏計畫簡介

資訊策略推動與資源中心─英國圖書資訊網路辦公室（UKOLN）

「英國圖書資訊網路辦公室」(以下簡稱UKOLN)，全稱為The UK Office for Library and Information Networking，位於英國的巴斯大學 (University of Bath)，是英國數位化計畫的重要單位。其運作的經費由大英圖書館研發部、英國「聯合資訊系統委員會」(JISC)及「博物館、檔案館與圖書館委員會」(The Council for Museums, Archives and Libraries^[4] )共同贊助。另外，除了英國本土的支持，UKOLN也受歐盟「資訊社會技術計畫」(IST^[5]) 的計畫補助。

UKOLN的起源，最早可溯自1977年的書目研究中心 (Centre for Catalogue Research)，時至今日，仍可見到UKOLN保有公共圖書館的專題。隨著時間、技術及需求的演進，組織屢經更迭，最後於1995年確立了現在的名稱及規模，並將自已定位為數位資訊管理中心，為圖書館、資訊單位及文化資產單位提供建議及服務。

UKOLN的設立目的如下：

• 重大政策的擬定與例行通知。
• 積極發表觀察的結果，推廣社區營造與公眾參與。
• 研究與發展以開拓知識。
• 建立更新的系統及以服務為基礎的網路技術。
• 扮演知識移轉的角色。

UKOLN辦公室現有三十一名成員，設主任一人，其餘人員分屬政策指導部門（八人）、研究發展（九人）、資訊通訊（四人）、資源分配系統服務（四人）與資源管理（五人）五大部門。整體的研究與工作重點分成下列幾個部分：

書目管理專題（Bibliographic Management） UKOLN將書目的範圍擴充，將可以定義並描述特定作品或藝術創作者，皆視為書目資料。書目管理研究，著重於三方面：書目記錄的品質、標準建立、以及儲存交換與檢索的格式。

藏品描述專題（Collection Description Focus） 此專題認為藏品的描述，應著重於支援使用者蒐尋資源，以及資訊專業人員的藏品管理等兩方面。專題內容提倡增進各計畫或單位間對藏品描述方法、結構及工具的合作，以確保一致性與相容性，並提出需求者相關的資源。另外持續與「圖書館支援研究計畫（Research Support Libraries Programme）」合作，推廣RSLP藏品描述架構。

資源分配系統專題（Distributed Systems） 此專題投入各項與分配系統相關的資源傳遞、開發或研究。例如：Z39.50、OA Forum、OpenURL demonstrator、Resource Discovery Network（提供有效率高品質的網際網路學習、教學及研究資源免費檢索）及IMesh Toolkit（資源分配系統建置及工具組合）等計畫。

交流專題（Interoperability Focus） 此專題協助各面向的資訊交流。交流的議題隨時空而變化，各項交流需求的組合約可區分為五類：技術交流，如各系統的持續運作及跨系統資料擷取；語意交流，如不同領域間類似詞彙的統合；政策與人的交流，如決策推行與人員教育配合；跨社群交流，如組織機構間邊界的消融；國際交流，如國際資訊交換。

後設資料專題（Metadata） 此專題內容包含參與、支援各項計畫後設資料建置，研究評估現行的資源描述方式，及觀察後設資料未來在資源發掘上更廣泛運用的可能性。另有成立教育後設資料組織，與藝術與人文資料服務合辦進修課程，統合英國參與DCMI的工作。

檔案開放論壇（Open Archives Forum） 本專題為UKOLN與德國洪堡德大學（Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin）及義大利國家研究委員會（Istituto di Elaborazione della Informazion）合作，建構通行的OA Forum工作。UKOLN主要負責計畫管理與組織工作兩部分，工作內容包括促進參與者對計畫的了解、建立管理的模式並控管品質、發展適合的商務機制及協助進修課程。

公共圖書館網路（Public Library Networking） 本專題為UKOLN與大英圖書館暨高等與終身教育委員會共同工作，對公共圖書館網路及終身學習領域做策略與政策的擬定、觀察及活動研發。

品質控制專題（QA Focus） 本專題為UKOLN與「藝術與人文資料服務（AHDS）」共同合作，確保贊助的計畫依循標準與建議，謹守分際積極參與。工作項目包含：相關網路環境建構、審閱各計畫的品質報告，監控計畫工作的各面向、發展「自我品質保證工具」，使各計畫發展更多的控管流程及向主管單位反映各計畫執行困難處。

網路專題（Web Focus） 此專題鎖定英國擅長於網路快速變化的大學、電機學院及資訊服務單位，利用各種方式提供觀察、合作與指導的服務，使技術領域的在網路技術的投注得到最高效益。

出版消息

書評

Stuart D. Lee. Building an electronic resource collection: a practical guide

Book review by Penny Garrod

London: Library Association Publishing, 2002, ISBN: 185604422X

（Ariadne Issue 31 March-April 2002）

此書涵蓋面廣而內容簡要，是建立數位典藏相當好的指引。風格平易且符合各類型讀者的需求。

Allan, Barbara, e-learning and teaching in library and information services

Book review by John Paschoud

London: Facet Publishing, 2002, ISBN: 1-85604-439-4

（Ariadne Issue 34 Dec 2002/Jan 2003）

此書主題為適用於各網路媒體或資料為學習基礎的互動教學方式及模型。簡明易讀，並附範例，教育專業人士及機構可引為參考。

Chris Sherman and Gary Price, The Invisible Web: Uncovering Information Sources Search Engines Can't see

Book review by Marieke Napier

Cyber Age Books, 2001. ISBN 0-910965-51-X

（Ariadne Issue 30 Dec 2002/Jan 2002）

此書前三章說明「可見的」網際網路的歷史與蒐尋相關事。第四章以後說明影響蒐尋結果「不可見」的因素，令人思考蒐尋目的及方法的問題。

Candice M. Benjes-Small and Melissa L. Just, The Library and Information Professional's Guide to Plug-ins and Other Web Browser Tools

Book review by Ruth Martin

Facet Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1856044645

（Ariadne Issue 34 Dec 2002/Jan 2003）

此書描述圖書館員及博物館員如何利用3D影像及虛擬參考櫃檯等嵌入式軟體製造互動的效果，開啟一趟長程之旅。章節組織良好，生動活潑。

by Anne Grodzins Lipow, The Virtual Reference Librarian's Handbook

Book review by Jennifer Barth and Kate Bejune

New York, Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2002, ISBN: 1-55570-445-X

（D-Lib Vol. 9 No. 2 Feb 2003）

此書敘述如何開啟、實行虛擬參考服務，並探討如何推廣等問題。促使圖書館員思考自「吸引讀者進館享用服務」調整至「無遠弗屆的讀者服務」。

網站評論

Website review by Pete Dowdell The Oxford Reference Online (http://www.oxfordreference.com/) http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue32/oxford-reference-collection/ （Ariadne Issue 32 Jun-Jul 2002） 此網站對The Oxford Reference Online做了收費及使用等級、網頁設計、檢索方式、檢索結果表現及資料內容等概觀性的描述及評論。

註釋

1. ↑ Uniform Resource Identifier，統一資源識別。網頁命名或定址的技術。http://www.w3.org/Addressing/ 。
2. ↑ 檔案開放論壇提供一個以歐洲為基礎的的專題，以傳播歐洲檔案開放的活動資訊，此外，也包含OAI的動態。http://www.oaforum.org/ 。
3. ↑ 根據OAF的名詞解釋，「檔案開放（open archive）」是研究者可以透過服務網站，取得公開的後設資料。http://www.oaforum.org/resources/glossary.php#o 。
4. ↑ 其網站即為re:source，http://www.resource.gov.uk/ 。
5. ↑ Information Society Technology，資訊社會技術計畫，歐盟委託的研究、技術發展及推行的計畫。http://www.cordis.lu/ist/about/about.htm 。